For many Americans, pool season doesn’t have to end with cooler weather—thanks to efficient pool heat pumps. But with utility costs on the rise, understanding how much it costs to run a pool heat pump is essential before taking the plunge. This article explores everything from daily and monthly operational costs to the factors affecting efficiency, regional variances, cost-saving strategies, and common questions about pool heat pump expenses.
Pool Heat Pump Running Cost Overview: Quick Comparison Table
| Factor | Typical Range | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Operating Cost | $2 – $8 | Depends on pump size, climate, pool size, and electricity cost |
| Monthly Operating Cost | $60 – $250+ | Varies with usage days, temperature, and efficiency |
| Annual Operating Cost | $400 – $2,000 | Depends on length of swimming season and regional climate |
| Average Electric Rate (US) | ~$0.13 per kWh | Higher on West Coast & Northeast; lower in Midwest & South |
What Is A Pool Heat Pump?
A pool heat pump is a highly efficient device designed to extend your swimming season. It works by extracting ambient heat from the air and transferring it to the pool water, unlike traditional gas heaters that generate heat via combustion. This process is similar to how an air conditioner operates, but in reverse, making it a more energy-efficient solution for pool heating.
How Does A Pool Heat Pump Work?
Pool heat pumps use a refrigeration cycle. They draw in outdoor air, extract its heat using a refrigerant, and then transfer that heat to pool water as it circulates through the unit. Because it moves heat rather than generating it, a heat pump can deliver up to 5 times more energy in heat than it consumes as electricity.
What Factors Affect The Running Cost Of A Pool Heat Pump?
The cost to operate a pool heat pump is influenced by numerous factors, including:
- Pool Size: Larger volumes of water require more energy to heat.
- Desired Water Temperature: Higher target temperatures demand greater energy input.
- Ambient Air Temperature: Heat pumps are more efficient in warmer air.
- Electricity Cost in Your Area: Rates can range from $0.10 to $0.30 per kWh.
- Heat Pump Efficiency (COP): Coefficient of Performance (COP) values of 4–6 mean more heat output for each watt of electricity.
- Usage Time: Frequency and duration of heating impact monthly costs.
- Insulation & Pool Cover Use: Pools with covers retain more heat, reducing run-time and costs.
How To Calculate The Cost To Run A Pool Heat Pump
To estimate your own pool heat pump running cost, follow this formula:
- Step 1: Calculate the heater’s kilowatt (kW) usage per hour (Check manual or labeling; convert BTU/hr to kW: 1 kW = 3,412 BTU/hr).
- Step 2: Determine local electricity rate (in $/kWh).
- Step 3: Estimate average hours of operation per day.
- Step 4: Factor in heat pump COP (e.g., COP 5 means the pump delivers 5x the energy drawn from grid in heat output).
For example: A 90,000 BTU/hr heat pump (26.4 kW heat output) with a COP of 5 will consume about 5.3 kW/hour of electric input (26.4 kW / 5).
Daily energy use (for 8 hours operation): 5.3 kW x 8 = 42.4 kWh x $0.13 = $5.51 per day.
Sample Running Cost Scenarios Across The U.S.
| Region | Pool Size | Average Cost Per kWh | Daily Cost (approx.) | Monthly Cost (30 days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | 15,000 gallons | $0.125 | $4.30 | $129 |
| California | 20,000 gallons | $0.29 | $6.70 | $201 |
| Texas | 15,000 gallons | $0.13 | $4.40 | $132 |
| New York | 18,000 gallons | $0.21 | $7.60 | $228 |
These scenarios assume a pool cover is used consistently at night. Without a cover, daily running costs can be 50–70% higher due to increased heat loss.
Daily And Monthly Pool Heat Pump Operating Costs Explained
Daily Costs
Most U.S. pool owners will typically spend between $2 and $8 per day to run their pool heat pump, depending on the variables discussed above. This estimate assumes 6–8 hours of use per day.
Monthly Costs
Over a 30-day month, that equates to a cost range of $60 to $250 or more. This wide range comes from differences in geographic region, utility rates, pool covers, and temperature preferences.
Annual Pool Heat Pump Running Costs
For seasonal pool owners, annual costs typically range from $400 (South/Southwest) up to $2,000 (Northern states or year-round use). If the pool is only open for 3–5 months, multiply your estimated monthly cost by the number of active pool months.
How Pool Covers Impact Energy Savings
One of the most effective strategies to control pool heating expenses is the use of a pool cover. Evaporation is the largest single source of heat loss for a swimming pool—responsible for up to 70% of total loss. Using a solar or insulated pool cover whenever the pool is not in use can cut heating bills by up to 50–70%.
- Without a cover: Heat escapes rapidly at night and on windy days, leading to longer heat pump run-times.
- With a cover: Heat retention is dramatically improved, so the pump works less.
Pool Size, Turnover, And Heat Pump Output
Pool heat pumps must be sized appropriately. The larger the pool, the more energy required to raise and maintain temperature. Proper calculation is vital:
- Estimate the total gallons of your pool.
- Multiply gallons by 8.34 (weight of water per gallon) for total pounds.
- Determine degrees of heating required (target temp minus current water temp).
- Use: BTUs Needed = Pool Gallons x 8.34 x Temp Rise
A larger pump or longer run-time equates to higher daily costs.
Heat Pump Efficiency: What Is COP?
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) rates pool heat pump efficiency. Most quality pumps have COP ratings of 4.0–6.0, meaning they deliver 4–6 units of heat for every 1 unit of electricity used.
- Higher COP = lower cost to operate.
- COP declines at lower air temperatures, so mild climates yield greater savings.
Electricity Rates: Impact On Running Costs
Regional electricity rates are a major variable in running costs. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, average residential rates (early 2025) are:
- National average: ~$0.13/kWh
- Northeast (NY, MA): $0.18 – $0.29/kWh
- California: $0.21 – $0.36/kWh
- Texas, Florida: $0.11 – $0.14/kWh
- Midwest: $0.10 – $0.13/kWh
Check your latest utility bill or use the U.S. EIA’s Electricity Data Browser for local rates.
Pool Heat Pumps Vs. Gas And Electric Heaters: Cost Comparison
| Heater Type | Typical Running Cost* | Annual Cost (seasonal use) | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heat Pump | $2–$8 / day | $400–$2,000 | Energy savings, mild-to-warm climates, regular use |
| Natural Gas | $7–$20 / day | $900–$4,800 | Rapid heating, cool climates, spas, occasional use |
| Propane | $12–$27 / day | $1,300–$6,000 | Remote/Off-grid, quick heat (higher cost) |
| Electric Resistance | $15–$30 / day | $1,500–$10,000 | Small pools, spas, rarely used |
*Varies by region, fuel prices, pool size, usage, and efficiency.
Pool heat pumps are significantly more cost-efficient than gas or electric resistance heaters for most residential situations.
Ways To Reduce Your Pool Heat Pump Operating Cost
- Use a pool cover: This can cut costs by over 50%. Invest in a solar or thermal cover to reduce evaporation.
- Lower water temperature: Every degree (°F) you lower the target saves ~10% on heating energy.
- Limit run-time: Only heat the pool during planned swim periods, not 24/7.
- Shelter your pool: Windbreaks and strategic landscaping reduce heat loss.
- Maintain equipment: Clean heat exchanger coils and maintain water chemistry for optimal performance.
- Upgrade to a higher COP pump: Older pumps are less efficient. Newer units deliver more heat for less energy input.
- Schedule operation during off-peak hours: Utilities may offer lower rates for off-peak use.
Initial Cost Vs. Running Cost: Long-Term Value
Pool heat pumps cost more upfront ($2,500–$7,000 installed) than gas heaters, but the lower operating cost offers payback within a few swimming seasons for frequent users, especially in milder climates.
For families who heat their pool regularly, the lower monthly electric bill makes the investment worthwhile compared to fossil-fuel alternatives, which have higher fuel prices and emissions.
Frequently Asked Questions About Pool Heat Pump Expenses
How Long Should I Expect A Pool Heat Pump To Last?
Most quality pool heat pumps last 10–15 years with regular maintenance, making them a long-term, cost-effective solution.
Are Pool Heat Pumps Worth It?
In most U.S. climates, especially the South and West, pool heat pumps are the most economical heating option for regular use pools and deliver a comfortable swim season with lower fuel and carbon costs.
Is It Cheaper To Leave My Heat Pump On All The Time Or Cycle It?
It is more cost-effective to only heat when you plan to swim and keep your pool covered when not in use. Keeping the unit running 24/7 unnecessarily increases energy expenses.
Can I Heat My Pool For Free With Solar?
Solar pool heaters offer zero fuel cost, but may not provide constant heat on cloudy days or in colder regions. Many combine solar and heat pump systems for maximum efficiency.
How Quickly Can A Heat Pump Warm My Pool?
Pool heat pumps typically raise water temperature 1–2°F per hour depending on pool size and ambient conditions; slower than gas heaters, but much more efficient for sustaining temperature.
Summary: Key Takeaways On Pool Heat Pump Operating Costs
- Most pool heat pumps cost $2–$8 per day to operate in the U.S., depending on region, pool size, and efficiency.
- Using a pool cover can slash these costs by up to 70%.
- Heat pumps are 3–5x more efficient than gas or electric resistance heaters, making them the top choice for frequent use—in climates where air temperature averages above 50°F during swim season.
- Consult a pool professional to size the right unit and get the most cost-efficient swimming comfort.